Solidifying ingots.



J.5.Y0RK. SOLIDIFYING INGOTS.

APPLICATION FILED 00T* 25, 1907.

Patented Allg. 20, 1912.

a SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES;

J. E. YORK.

SOLIDIFYING INGOTS.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 25, 1907.

1,085,933. Patented. Aug. 20, 1912. 8-=SHBETSSHEET 2.

INVENTQR 1 Wlssls: W l

J. E. YORK.

SOLIDIFYING INGOTS. l APPLICATION FILED 00T. 25, 1907.

1,035,933. Pt-.ena Aug.20,1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

FIG. 4.

JAMES E. YORK, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

SOLIDIFYING INGO'IS.

Specication of LettersjPatent.

Patented Aug. 20, 1912.

Application filed October 25, 1907. Serial No. 399,123.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, JAMES E. Youn, a citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, city and State of N ew York, have invented certain j new and useful Improvements in Solidifying Ingots, of which the following 1s a speciification.

. rlhis invention's aims to provide a method `and apparatus foj1 making a solid ingot of castv steel or the like by closing the pipe which ordinarily forms at the upper Iend of t-heingot.` For this purpose I propose to roll, the' ingot laterally, at the same time pressing, the metal from one or two sides of the ingot inward to cause the closing of the pipe and the welding 'of its walls together so as to make a substantially Sound ingot.

vent the atmosphere from lstoppered with a plug of The pipes, as is well known, vary largely in length, and in fact a bled ingot may sometimes be cast, that is, with the pipe running 'through its entire length. The apparatus of this invention is adapted to eradicate the pipe whatever its length, the roll which is used for effecting the operation being preferably provided with projecting ribs of various lengths which may be substituted one for another. The rib on the roll, and preferably a corresponding rib on the bed at the under side of the ingot, are wide and long enough to cover any size of pipe, so that there is al merely local shifting of the metal of the ingot inward, leaving approximately semi-circular grooves at oppo ite sides of the ingot, the cubic contents of the two grooves being together equal to that of the pipe. Such an operation involves the usc o f comparatively little power, since there is no resistance to such shifting of the metal inward except t-he cohesion along lines parallel with the movement of the metal.`

The process is preferably carried out as soon as possible after the casting of the ingot. In order to eHect a perfectweld of the opposite surfaces of the pipe, thermit may be injected into the pipe. Ordinarily, however, a perfect weld may be eifected without the use ,of thermit, and especially if vthe pipe is bridged or closed at the end,

vso' that there are substantially no oxidizing gases within the pipe. Or in order to prehaving access t-o the -w'alls of the pipe, the end thereof may be iron and sand as soon as the gases cease to escape from the pipe, such an operation being well known in mill practice.

The process may be made to serve also for the spreading of the metal laterally. By adopting a suitable shape for the ribs of the roll which force the walls of the pipe together, or by means of a supplemental rib the segregate which forms usually at the bottom of t-he pipe may be rst squeezed out toward the end and the pipe then closed. The value of thusV forcing up the segregate lies in shortening the part of the ingot which has to be cropped.

` The process may also be modified to cover the-closing of blow holes, especially when these form near the surface. It is blow holes near the surface which are injurious to the quality of the metal, and these are most easily rolled out of the metal by my process. For example the ingot may be rst run under a plain roll to produce a comparatively shallow compression, but deep enough to eliminate dangerous blow holes; after which the bed may run under a second roll provided with ribs adjusted to shift the segregate and to close the pipe.

The apparatus may be designed so as to have a variable stroke, so that ingots may be carried under either one or both rolls at will.

The accompanying drawings illustrate more or less diagrammatically a machine for carrying out the invention.

Figure l is a plan of a roll with four ingots in position below it; Fig. 2 is a crosssection through a bed and lengthwise of the roll, showing an ingot between them; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sect-ion through the bed of a mill. Figs. 4 and 5 'are diagrammatic end views indicating other embodiments of the invention.

The ingots A are illustrated as of the ordinary type which in casting form pipes B of various depths, and in which the most impure inet-al segregated at approximately the lower end of the pipe, as indicated at-C. These ingots are laid upon a bed D which is given a reciprocating motion by means of a'liydraulic ram or any other suitable mechanism, the bed being supported upon guide rollers' E and passing under a -working roll F. The base of the bed may be shaped to receive one or more (four in the present case) ingots A, which for compactness may be arranged with their small ends alternating at opposite sides. The base of the bed, or a separate removable plate laid thereon7 provided with a sui-'tace so oon- 'igured to receive the ingots and present them to Ythe working roll l? with their upper surfaees substantially horizontal. An ad vantage of this is that the axes olf the eleveral ingots will be tilted upward somewhat, so that any liquid metal in the pipes will not flow out, consequently the ingots may be put upon the machine and si'ibjeeted to the process before they are entirely solidilied, and while they 'are so sott as to .malte the intended operations comparatirely easy. The ingots may be clamped in the bed by means ol a wedge G or any other suitable mechanism..

The roll is prorided with a series ot ribs H which may be removable so aS to provide ribs ot' different lengtlie and of ditl'erent contours in oross-seetion; or which may he fixed, different rollsibeing used for different Classes of work. lVhen the ribs are remoii` able, it will be understood that the)7 are formed of members which run the full length of the roll so as to permit the subst-itution oit ribs of different lengths. qWhere the ingots are alternated in position as shown in Fig. l.y the ribs Il will also be alternated. They will be made somewhat longer than the pipes to be rolled out. so that their ends` will extend beyond the usual ara of segregation. As. the segre gated metal is generally at the small end ot the pipe, the ribs `ll mai7 be made ol substantially the saine depth throughouttheir length, and thin shape will result in the loreing ot' the segregation toward the upper end ot' the pipe at the first pressure ot the rib upon the ingot and before the pipe Closes, sinee this elosing will not take plaee until the aetioiro't the roll on the ingot is substantially Complete. Or they may be tapered, or a separate pieee may he arranged between the roll and the work 't'or this purpose; or a suitable projeetion may be ar ranged upon a plain roll whieh passes orer the work het'ore the ribbed roll.

The bed D is preferably provided with ribs .l in line with the ribs` ll upon the roll. As these ribs All and .l enter the ingot they press along a narrow line.. rl`he metal at the sides ot the line is not materially eonfined, being tree to yield upward (and side.- wise in some arrangementsl, and consequently the resistanee is mueh less than in ases in whieh it is proposed to press au entire side laee olE the ingot inward. or to press all the lside 'taees together' with no room l'or the metal to yield exeept into the pipe. ln the preeent ease a particular part or" the ingot. thatl is' to say the metal extend ing` .from the pipe out-ward in a single direetion, is shifted to fill the pipe. while all the other metal of the ingot is l'ree to yield. rl"he rolling operation is an extremely rapid one; the process is not only advantageous but is rery well adapted to the Condit-ions found in iiraetiee.

The operation'is not; necessarily completed in one paas. A sueeession ol? rolls may be used. or the ingots may he passed backward and forward under the Isame roll more than once. The parts are so designed and syn t-.hronized that the roll neeessarily stands in the same position itor any given position ot the bed. Conseiuiently in any reiietition of the rolling the rib will strike the iugot at the saine point so aa to aeeomplish its pur pose most etlieiently. The same result may be obtained lryeasting the ingot withribs on two ot its' opposite outer walla` correspond ing in design to the ribsv Ishown upon the roll: and running' sueh ai ingot through a plain roll or rolls. The metal protruding 'from the side ot the ingot would then be pressed down toward the renter until its outer taee is (lush with the outer faire ot the ingot. and a rorresponding bulge would be 'formed inward iu the p ipe to Close it. The closing ot the pipe and also the raising ot the segregate may also be etl'eeted by introdueing a Separate Vformer between the ingot and the roll. instead ot using a rib taatened on the roll. and the raising ol the segregate and rollingr out o't' the pipe may be elleeted in two separate operations instead otI in one as. abore deseribed.

The use ot a pair of rolls, a plain roll K and a ribbed roll lf, is indl ated in Fig. 4. *aeh of these rolls may be vertically-adjustable, as tor example by the mechanism tor adjusting the rolls. of ordinary mills, so that the hed may receive its full stroke, and the work at the saine time be brought into engagement with only one or with both rolls as desired.

The bed may be cooled by water circula' tion or the like` and may be arranged to take any shape of ingot. as for example an ingot which is square, flat round or polygonal in croSs-seetion. ln connection with the working out of the pipe, the process may be ext-ended to the forming or spreading of the` ingot to auch a shape as to leasen the reduetloa neeessary in the subaequent rolling,r of plates or I-heams. rails. 'eliannels, and Similar flanged shapes. For this purpose the bed may be eonstrueted as in Fig. 5, with seetions li whieh are movable on the bed D, lh adjaeent. ares boing shaped to receive and elainp the ingots when the sections are wedged together by n mns of the wedge M, and the parts being so proimrtioned as to provide horizontal surfaces N at the sides ot the ingots. Now when the roll F passes over the upwardly projeeting ingots, ity may roll the metal out laterally totoi'm flanges 0 upon thesurlaees N` as well as to press the center to torni grooves l) in line with the pipes.

The forcing of the metal inward maybe accomplished at both sides of the ingot at once, as indicated in Fig. 3; or it may be first accomplished on the top face only and the ingot then inverted so that the groove made in the previous top face will lit at least approximately over the rib J on the bed; the metal being then rolled to form a second groove, Which Will be in the new top face.

As the ingots cool they contract and y special precautions vmay be taken for maintaining them clamped on the bed; but ordinarily the Work of the rolls Will cause suiicient lateral expansion to compensate for the cooling contraction; or even to cause the ingots to lill the ydesired spaces tightly when theyhave been only loosely put in place.

What I claim is 1. The process of eliminating pipes from ingots, which consists in laying the ingot on its side with its upper face substantially horizontal, and running it under roll bearing thereon With sufficient pressure to close:

the pipe.

2. The process of eliminating pipes from ingots, which consists in injecting thermit into the pipe and then pressing the Walls of the pipe together to Weld them.

3. The process which consists in passing an ingot first under a plain roll to eliminate blow holes near the surface, and then under a ribbed roll to force the material of the ingot into the pipe.

` et. The process of eliminating pipes from. ingots, Which consists in arranging@r a nuxn ber of ingots side by side and passing there in succession under a roll adapted lo force the met-al of the ingots into the pipe. 'y

5. An apparatus for eliminating pipes Cil from ingots, including in combination arol and a bed, said bed adapted to receive number of ingots laid side by side with their 'V small ends alternating in position.

In witness whereof, I have hereutte signed my name in the presence of tivo subscribing Witnesses.

. JAMES E. ross;

Witnesses:

DOMINGO A. USINA,. THnoDonE T. SNELL. 

